Nyegara Gunung: The Harmony of the Sea and Mountain in the Unity of Lingga-Yoni

Nyegara Gunung is one of the sacred philosophies in Balinese tradition that depicts the harmonious relationship between the mountain (upstream) and the sea (downstream). This philosophy reflects a close balance between two complementary natural elements. The mountain is regarded as a spiritual symbol close to heaven, representing sacredness, fertility, and Lingga (masculinity). On the other hand, the sea represents the energy of life, a place to release negative energy, and symbolizes Yoni (femininity). Their relationship illustrates the concept of balance as the key to a harmonious life.

Nyegara Gunung to Beratan's Lake (Source: Personal Collection)

The Nyegara Gunung concept not only addresses the physical connection between the mountain and the sea but also carries a profound philosophy of spiritual and natural equilibrium. In Balinese Hindu teachings, this balance is often expressed through the principle of “Rwa Bhineda,” which means two opposing yet complementary aspects. This principle teaches that what happens in the mountain will affect the sea, and vice versa. Therefore, maintaining harmony between the two is essential for environmental preservation and human spirituality.

The Nyegara Gunung ceremony manifests this philosophy, aiming to unite the elements of Purusa (mountain) and Pradhana (sea). Jro Mangku Tjandra Mengwitani explains that through this procession, Balinese Hindus pray to Ida Bhatara Dewi Danu, who resides in the lake, and Ida Bhatara or ancestors, who dwell in the mountain, to grant purity, prosperity, and fertility. This ritual is both an act of reverence and a reminder of the importance of maintaining the balance between humans and nature.

Nyegara Gunung to Beratan's Lake (Source: Personal Collection)

One example of a ritual that symbolizes the Nyegara Gunung philosophy is Melasti, a purification ceremony using seawater. In this ritual, seawater is believed to cleanse negative energies attached to humans and the environment. Additionally, the Dewa Yadnya ceremony is part of the effort to maintain harmony between humans and nature through offerings to the gods. This ceremony not only holds spiritual significance but also emphasizes the importance of environmental conservation, as reflected in the teachings of Sad Kertih.

The Lingga-Yoni philosophy is at the core of the Nyegara Gunung concept, where Lingga (mountain) symbolizes the masculine element, and Yoni (sea) symbolizes the feminine element. The interaction between these two symbols represents the unity and balance of the universe. The harmony between Lingga and Yoni reflects the continuity of life, both spiritually and ecologically. By uniting these two elements through rituals, the Balinese people demonstrate respect for Mother Earth and a commitment to preserving harmony between humans and the environment.

Nyegara Gunung to Beratan's Lake (Source: Personal Collection)

Interestingly, the Nyegara Gunung philosophy has broad relevance beyond the Balinese context. This concept aligns with global perspectives on the importance of maintaining balance among natural elements. In various other cultures, mountains and seas are also regarded as sacred elements that are interconnected. This shows that although originating from a local tradition, the values contained within Nyegara Gunung are universal.

In a modern context, this philosophy also reminds us of the importance of environmental preservation amid climate change and natural exploitation. By understanding that the mountain and the sea are an inseparable unity, we are encouraged to wisely utilize natural resources and sustain ecosystems.

Nyegara Gunung to Beratan's Lake (Source: Personal Collection)

Nyegara Gunung is more than just a ritual or tradition. It is a philosophy that teaches the importance of harmony between humans, nature, and spirituality. Through the Lingga-Yoni symbol, this concept affirms that balance is the key to the continuity of life. By maintaining harmony between the mountain and the sea, we not only preserve Balinese cultural traditions but also contribute to global efforts to maintain the balance of the universe. This philosophy reminds us that humanity’s relationship with nature is not solely about exploitation but also about reverence and preservation.